The Concept and Manifestations of Euroscepticism in European Integration

The process of European integration at different stages of the development of the supraconfederal system of the European Union was a community of heterogeneous mechanisms used to create a “United” Europe. Since the founding of the European Coal and Steel Community in 1952, the transformation of the classical model of national states into supranational structures, largely in the image of Federal States, for clear and precise delegation of competencies at different levels of government has begun.1 The successful model of political, economic and social development over several decades has made this association of states one of the most influential subjects of international law, which was confirmed by the signing of the Maastricht Treaty in 1992 – the Treaty on the creation of the European Union, in a form that was still far from the system that we know now after the Lisbon Treaty came into force on December 1, 2009, but it already laid down the basic principles of supranational methods of functioning of the supraconfederal union.2 However, a characteristic trend that has emerged in the process of European integration, which can be clearly traced by extrapolating to it the Third law of Isaac Newton, according to which: “Every action has an opposite reaction”, translating which into the language (context) of integration interaction of the European Union, within which it will mean the following: “Every integration has a disintegration”, or “The desire for every integration has the desire for disintegration”. In the modern world, this phenomenon is well known in the mass culture and academic environment under the general name of “Euroscepticism”, which explains its wide spread to all countries of the European Union, in some of which “Eurosceptic” is no longer called individual politicians, but entire political parties. For example, the trends of the last few elections to the European Parliament also show disappointing dynamics, where political groups such as “European conservatives and reformists” and “Identity and democracy” currently control about 20% of the entire Parliament and do not hide their open Euroscepticism

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