The Father and Son Relationship in "Endgame" by Samuel Beckett

"Endgame", as one of Samuel Beckett's most famous plays, describes the ritual small routines of lives of four people who are living in a bare, partially underground room. The title "Endgame" is taken from the last part of a chess game when there are very few pieces left, which implies those four people's life would end soon. By showing the complex relationships between four people, the play expresses family dysfunction and codependence. They do not like each other, but they are dependent on each other to live. In the play, it can be identified three father-son relationships, "Nagg and Hamm", "Hamm and Clov", and "The beggar and his son".…