In organizations today, managers can be a positive or negative influence on their employees by their communication alone. J. Sterling Livingston, in his September/October 1988 Harvard Business Review, article Pygmalion in Management, stated "the way managers treat their subordinates is subtly influenced by what they expect of them." The Pygmalion effect is a true indicator as to the success or failure of an employee based upon the message they receive from their manager. …
