Humans use water for many purposes, but the natural water sources provide polluted water that is visually unacceptable for human consumption (Vigneswaran, 1). The physical properties of water, such as odor and the presence of solids, can affect the treatment of water by altering the chemical effects of the disinfecting agents (Drinan, 25). The chemical properties of water are alkalinity (how basic a substance is, measured in pH (int 14, 1)), hardness, fluorides (F-), chlorides, organics, and the presence of metals and total dissolved solids (Drinan 28-29). …
