When Franklin Delano Roosevelt took office in 1933, he promised to deliver on his presidential campaign a "new deal" for everyone. Although Roosevelt's New Deal is frequently described as an improvisation, much of it was planned in advance. The New Deal programs did not end the Depression. It was the growing storm clouds in Europe, American aid to the Allies, and ultimately, U.S. entry into World War II after the bombing of Pearl Harbor that revitalized the nation's economy.( )
Remembering their experiences in World War I, African American soldiers and civilians were increasingly unwilling…
