Modern Christianity starts with first phase of Enlightenment by Wesley and Methodism. As second phase of pessimistic view, liberalism and some negative perspective showed up with Marxism and some radicals as Death of God movement. In reaction to liberalism came fundamentalism, then Pentecostal and evangelicalism through national association. Bonhoeffer was first to stand up for secular theology and predicted about future of Christianity.
Enlightenment was primarily a European and American phenomenon approaching Christianity based on rationalism, which is emphasis upon human reason and scientific view. John Wesley, born in Anglican and puritan family, had rich blend of Anglican mean and Puritan method even though he was more centered in method(doing Christianity) than reading knowledge and doctrine only. He saw sanctification as Christian perfection and emphasized human's personal experience related to Methodist tradition, positive on scientific trend(i.e. electricity), and overall stand for optimistic first phase in Enlightenment.
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